Variation
In the context of aviation, variation refers to the angular difference between the true north and the magnetic north. This difference is caused by the Earth's magnetic field not aligning perfectly with the Earth's geographical poles. The variation is expressed in degrees east or west to indicate the direction of magnetic north from true north. The value of variation differs from place to place on the Earth's surface and is depicted on aeronautical charts as isogonic lines, which are lines of equal magnetic variation. Pilots must take into account the variation when planning their flight path and navigating, especially when using a magnetic compass for direction. The variation is also important in the calibration of aircraft instruments and navigation systems. Failure to account for variation can lead to significant navigational errors and potentially hazardous situations.
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