Critical Mach Number
Critical Mach number is the lowest Mach number at which airflow over any part of the aircraft reaches the speed of sound, resulting in a localised sonic flow. This causes a sharp increase in drag and decrease in lift, which can lead to loss of control and structural damage. The Critical mach number varies with altitude, temperature, and weight of the aircraft. It is an important factor in determining the maximum safe operating speed of an aircraft. Exceeding the Critical mach number can result in a phenomenon known as Mach tuck, where the aircraft pitches down uncontrollably. Therefore, it is crucial for pilots to be aware of the Critical mach number and operate the aircraft below this limit.
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